TEALE FENNING

Nick Raine-Fenning

We have been having great fun this weekend talking about how you tell patients about ultrasound markers and the diseases to which they relate Laughing

What I want you to do is to have a go at explaining the following in layterms (non-medical words):

Choroid plexus cysts

Renal pelvi-calyceal dilatation

Echogenic bowel

Echogenic focus in the heart

Single umbilical artery

Diaphragmatic hernia

'Soft marker'

Down syndrome

Holoprosencephaly

Ventriculomegaly

Spina bifida

Hypoplastic left ventricle

Anencepahly

Turner's syndrome

Patau's syndrome

Edward's syndrome

cystic hygroma

Shocked

That should keep you busy!!

Try and add the implications of the findings if you can.
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"Teale Fenning Medical Education" delivering evidence-based, exam-orientated learning since 1997

chandra · Joined: 21 Oct 2006 Posts: 6

Choroid plexus cysts - fluid trapped in the blood vessel (Choroid plexus) within ventricles in the brain

Renal pelvi-calyceal dilatation - excess fluid in centre of kidneys

Echogenic bowel - bowel looks bright on scan

Echogenic focus in the heart - bright spots in heart

Single umbilical artery- normally 2 aretries and one vein-this means one aretery is present

Diaphragmatic hernia- a defect or abnormal hole in a separating musle which allows tummy organs in to chest

'Soft marker' - ultrsound finding that increases risk of chromosomal abnormality

Down syndrome - genetic disorder of chromosome 21 with mental retardation and physical abnormalities

Holoprosencephaly - incomplete development of forebrain

Ventriculomegaly - enlargement of fluid filled spaces in brain (ventricles)

Spina bifida - failure of spine to close (split spine) exposing nerves

Hypoplastic left ventricle -underdeveloped lower left chamber of heart

Anencepahly-absence of largepart of brain and skull

Turner's syndrome - complete or partial absence of one of the x chromosomes in females

Patau's syndrome - abnormal chromosome 13 causing severe mental retardation and life threatening physical abnormalities

Edward's syndrome - abnormal chromosome 18 with life threatening abnormalities

cystic hygroma - swelling around head and neck due to malformation of lymphatics - which are small vessels draining fluid in to blood vessels in the neck
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chandra

Nick Raine-Fenning · Posted: Mon Oct 23, 2006 9:29 am Post subject:

Nick Raine-Fenning · Posted: Mon Oct 23, 2006 9:33 am Post subject:

aamera · Joined: 23 Oct 2006 Posts: 4

just thought about another one;
bilateral talipes- baby's ankles tuened in such a way that thelegs face inwards

Nick Raine-Fenning · Posted: Mon Oct 23, 2006 7:01 pm Post subject:

Hi aamera and welcome to the Forum Smile

Talipes - had not thought about this.

I would say something like ...

Talipes is a deformity of the foot caused by misalignment of the bones in the front part of the foot. The foot is twsited out of shape as a result.

In the vast majority of cases (95% or more) the front half of the foot turns in and down (so called equinovarus) but it may be turned outwards (calcaneovalgus). Talipes equinovarus is often referred to as "club foot" and affects both feet in 50% of cases.

Talipes may be positional or structural. Positional talipes is caused by abnormal pressures compressing the foot while it's developing in the womb. The foot is often relatively flexible and can be manipulated back into a normal position.

Structural talipes is more complex and may reflect a combinaiton of fators including a genetic predisposition and when there is a shortage of fluid in the sac around the baby in the womb (so called oligohydramnios). The foot is often shortended and the calf muscles weakened making the foot relatively fixed and immobile.

It affects around 1 in 1,000 babies and for some unknown reason is twice as common in boys as girls. Talipes may run in families.

In many cases of positional talipes equinovarus and calcaneovalgus physiotherapy alone will suffice. Active treatment of resistant cases and those with structural talpies involves immediate splinting after birth and the subsequent serial changes of the plaster as the foot grows. Orthopaedic splints may also be used and are often applied at night. Unfortunately around 50% of babies do not respond to these measures and surgery is required after the child is 6 months old.

The vast majority of children do extremely well and are to lead a normal life and undertake physical activity.

Laughing

Nick Raine-Fenning · Posted: Mon Oct 23, 2006 7:06 pm Post subject:

Try and address the implications of the diagnosis / finding as well as the description.

This is what you are going to have to do after all!

Very Happy