| View previous topic :: View next topic |
| Author |
Message |
Hadia Koomary
Joined: 15 Sep 2008
Posts: 42
|
 Posted: Sat Sep 27, 2008 6:56 pm Post subject: Female genital mutilation: |
 |
|
Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(a) Infibulation describes surgical excision of the labia minora
(b) Defibulation can be performed in labour
(c) Type IV is defined by surgical stitching of the vaginal introitus
(d) Pre-delivery anatomy should be restored when suturing perineal damage sustained during the birth of the baby
(e) It is illegal for UK nationals to perform FGM in countries where it is legal
 |
|
| Back to top |
|
 |
Nick Raine-Fenning
Course Director
Joined: 27 May 2006
Posts: 1852
Location: Nottingham
|
| Posted: Sun Sep 28, 2008 8:50 am Post subject: |
|
|
Another great set of questions Hadia.
May I add a political one:
FGM is the same as 'female circumcision'?
 |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Tue Sep 30, 2008 10:59 pm Post subject: Re: Female genital mutilation: |
|
|
| Hadia Koomary wrote: | Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(a) Infibulation describes surgical excision of the labia minora
|
True
Infibulation: Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening
WHO definition: Narrowing of vaginal opening through creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, and sometimes outer, labia, with or without removal of the clitoris. |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Tue Sep 30, 2008 11:03 pm Post subject: Re: Female genital mutilation: |
|
|
| Hadia Koomary wrote: | Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(b) Defibulation can be performed in labour
|
True |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Tue Sep 30, 2008 11:10 pm Post subject: Re: Female genital mutilation: |
|
|
| Hadia Koomary wrote: | Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(c) Type IV is defined by surgical stitching of the vaginal introitus
|
False
Type IV: All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example: pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization.
RCOG:Unclassified, which includes: pricking, piercing or incising of the clitoris and/or labia for cultural/non-therapeutic reasons; stretching of the clitoris and/or labia;cauterisation by burning of the clitoris and surrounding tissue; scraping of the tissue surrounding the vaginal orifice (angurya cuts) or cutting the vagina (gishiri cuts); introduction of corrosive substances or herbs into the vagina to cause bleeding or for
the purposes of tightening or narrowing it; and any other procedure that falls under the definition of female genital mutilation given above.
WHO Classification of FGM
Type I: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (clitoridectomy).
Type II: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (excision).
Type III: Narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation).
Type IV: All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example: pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and
cauterization.
Last edited by cpeedahsa on Tue Sep 30, 2008 11:14 pm; edited 1 time in total |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Tue Sep 30, 2008 11:13 pm Post subject: Re: Female genital mutilation: |
|
|
| Hadia Koomary wrote: | Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(d) Pre-delivery anatomy should be restored when suturing perineal damage sustained during the birth of the baby
|
False |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Tue Sep 30, 2008 11:16 pm Post subject: Re: Female genital mutilation: |
|
|
| Hadia Koomary wrote: | Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(e) It is illegal for UK nationals to perform FGM in countries where it is legal
|
True
Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 which came into force on 3
March 2004. It replaces the 1985 Act and makes it an offence for the first time for UK nationals or permanent UK residents to carry out FGM abroad, or to aid, abet, counsel or procure the carrying out of FGM abroad, even in countries where the practice is legal. |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Tue Sep 30, 2008 11:21 pm Post subject: |
|
|
| Nick Raine-Fenning wrote: | Another great set of questions Hadia.
May I add a political one:
FGM is the same as 'female circumcision'?
|
True.
Female Circumcision has been sued in the past to imply a fallacious analogy to nonmutilating male circumcision---the current term is FGM |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
masooma
Joined: 22 Jan 2007
Posts: 10
|
| Posted: Thu Oct 30, 2008 7:47 am Post subject: Re: Female genital mutilation: |
|
|
| cpeedahsa wrote: | | Hadia Koomary wrote: | Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(a) Infibulation describes surgical excision of the labia minora
|
True
Infibulation: Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening
WHO definition: Narrowing of vaginal opening through creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, and sometimes outer, labia, with or without removal of the clitoris. |
hello cpeedahsa,
i have query regarding this question. what i understood is that infibulation is the term used to describe the practice of stiching/ narrowing the vaginal opening. |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Nick Raine-Fenning
Course Director
Joined: 27 May 2006
Posts: 1852
Location: Nottingham
|
| Posted: Thu Oct 30, 2008 6:18 pm Post subject: |
|
|
| cpeedahsa wrote: | | Female Circumcision has been sued in the past to imply a fallacious analogy to nonmutilating male circumcision---the current term is FGM |
Yes this was my point - that 'circumcision' is actually a physically, politically, and ethically unacceptable alternative term. I think I wanted you all to say false - that is not acceptable!
_________________
"Teale Fenning Medical Education" delivering evidence-based, exam-orientated learning since 1997 |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Hadia Koomary
Joined: 15 Sep 2008
Posts: 42
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 5:57 am Post subject: |
|
|
You are absolutely right Dr Maasoma,
Infibulation is the term used to describe the practice of stitching/
narrowing the vaginal opening. Defibulation is the surgical
procedure that restores normal anatomy (as far as possible),
making an adequate introitus.
| Quote: | | a) Infibulation describes surgical excision of the labia minora |
The answer is false. |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Hadia Koomary
Joined: 15 Sep 2008
Posts: 42
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 6:00 am Post subject: Re: Female genital mutilation: |
|
|
| cpeedahsa wrote: | | Hadia Koomary wrote: | Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(b) Defibulation can be performed in labour
|
True |
It can be performed in labour with adequate anaesthesia.
Women requiring this operation will have type III FGM. |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Hadia Koomary
Joined: 15 Sep 2008
Posts: 42
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 6:04 am Post subject: |
|
|
Type IV FGM collects together practices
that are more difficult to classify. Rather than formal
infibulations and excision of the clitoris and labia minora,
type IV includes practices such as scraping, cauterizing and
piercing with the purpose of narrowing the vaginal introitus. |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 4:02 pm Post subject: |
|
|
| Hadia Koomary wrote: | You are absolutely right Dr Maasoma,
Infibulation is the term used to describe the practice of stitching/
narrowing the vaginal opening. Defibulation is the surgical
procedure that restores normal anatomy (as far as possible),
making an adequate introitus.
| Quote: | | a) Infibulation describes surgical excision of the labia minora |
The answer is false. |
This is the definition of Infibulation
Type III: Narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation).
Ref: http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
If you look at the definition above ---Infibulation does involve cutting of the labia minora.
So the answer should be True |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 4:04 pm Post subject: Re: Female genital mutilation: |
|
|
| masooma wrote: | | cpeedahsa wrote: | | Hadia Koomary wrote: | Regarding female genital mutilation (FGM):
(a) Infibulation describes surgical excision of the labia minora
|
True
Infibulation: Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening
WHO definition: Narrowing of vaginal opening through creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, and sometimes outer, labia, with or without removal of the clitoris. |
hello cpeedahsa,
i have query regarding this question. what i understood is that infibulation is the term used to describe the practice of stiching/ narrowing the vaginal opening. |
This is the definition of Infibulation
Type III: Narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation).
Ref: http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
If you look at the definition above ---Infibulation does involve cutting of the labia minora. |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 4:06 pm Post subject: |
|
|
| Hadia Koomary wrote: | Type IV FGM collects together practices
that are more difficult to classify. Rather than formal
infibulations and excision of the clitoris and labia minora,
type IV includes practices such as scraping, cauterizing and
piercing with the purpose of narrowing the vaginal introitus. |
This is the WHo definition of various types of FGM
WHO Classification of FGM
Type I: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (clitoridectomy).
Type II: Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (excision).
Type III: Narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation).
Type IV: All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example: pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 4:09 pm Post subject: |
|
|
| Nick Raine-Fenning wrote: | | cpeedahsa wrote: | | Female Circumcision has been sued in the past to imply a fallacious analogy to nonmutilating male circumcision---the current term is FGM |
Yes this was my point - that 'circumcision' is actually a physically, politically, and ethically unacceptable alternative term. I think I wanted you all to say false - that is not acceptable! |
The term female Circumcision has been replaced by female genital mutilation . to reflect the seriousness & "mutilation" involved .
They are the same .. So for the question-
FGM is the same as 'female circumcision'- The answer would be true |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
Hadia Koomary
Joined: 15 Sep 2008
Posts: 42
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 6:14 pm Post subject: |
|
|
Hi Cpeedasha,
I did a little search and I found the following :
| Quote: | | Type 3 Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening (infibulation). |
| Quote: | | The agreed definition of the word infibulation is that it is ‘a stitching together of the labia.’ |
this is from RCOG statements.
http://www.rcog.org.uk/resources/Public/pdf/RCOG_Statement_No3.pdf
The answer given is false , I think it no only mean cutting L.Minora but collectively stitching and vaginal narrowing. |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
cpeedahsa
Century Club
Joined: 21 Apr 2007
Posts: 921
|
| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 7:31 pm Post subject: |
|
|
| Hadia Koomary wrote: | Hi Cpeedasha,
I did a little search and I found the following :
| Quote: | | Type 3 Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening (infibulation). |
| Quote: | | The agreed definition of the word infibulation is that it is ‘a stitching together of the labia.’ |
this is from RCOG statements.
http://www.rcog.org.uk/resources/Public/pdf/RCOG_Statement_No3.pdf
The answer given is false , I think it no only mean cutting L.Minora but collectively stitching and vaginal narrowing. |
I see what you mean; and as you have rightly put it it is both cutting and stitching. And same with defibulation-- even that involves cutting and stitching.
Ah!!! just one of those vague MCQs .. where is this question from? Answer would depend on what the writer of the question is thinking? |
|
| Back to top |
|
|
|
FAQ
Search
Memberlist
Usergroups
Register
Profile
Log in to check your private messages
Log in
