Nick Raine-Fenning
Course Director
Joined: 27 May 2006
Posts: 1862
Location: Nottingham
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 Posted: Sat Oct 28, 2006 10:39 am Post subject: Causes of Polyhydramnios |
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POLYHYDRAMNIOS
Twin gestation with / without twin-to-twin transfusion (7.5%)
Fetal anomalies, including gastrointestinal (40%: oesophageal atresia, usually associated with a tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal and oesophageal atresia, gastroschisis, imperforate anus), genitourinary (13%), cardiorespiratory (22%: tracheal agenesis, narrow thoracic cage (due to skeletal dysplasias such achondroplasia) and compressive pulmonary disorders (pleural effusions, diaphragmatic hernia or cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lungs)
CNS abnormalities (26% of anomalies) and neuromuscular diseases that cause swallowing dysfunction including anencephaly, iniencephaly, facial tumours and defects, fetal akinesia syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and Pena-Shokeir syndrome, craniofacial syndromes (Pierre-Robin, Crouzon, Treacher Collins, Goldenhar, agnathia-holoprosencephaly, agnathia-microstomia-melotia)
Increased fetal urination maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (5%) and maternal uremia
Fetal and placental tumours or cutaneous arteriovenous malformations (such as sacrococcygeal teratoma, placental chorioangioma)
Congenital cardiac-rhythm anomalies and hyperdynamic fetal circulation associated with hydrops, fetal-to-maternal haemorrhage and viral infection (parvovirus, rubella, CMV and rubella, Listeria)
Chromosomal abnormalities, most commonly trisomy 21, then trisomy 18 and 13
Others include myotonic dystrophy, alpha-thalassemia, lithium
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