TEALE FENNING Medical Education    FAQ   Search   Memberlist   Usergroups   Register   Profile   Log in to check your private messages   Log in  mrcog courses for doctors Aetiological Factors for Severe Learning Difficulties          TEALE FENNING Forum Index -> Key Facts in O&G View previous topic :: View next topic   Author Message cpeedahsa Century Club Joined: 21 Apr 2007 Posts: 921 Posted: Sat Sep 08, 2007 12:41 am    Post subject: Aetiological Factors for Severe Learning Difficulties Some Aetiological Factors for Severe Learning Difficulties and Cerebral Palsy Factor Percent Prenatal 73 Chromosomal --36 Mutant genes-- 07 Multiple congenital anomalies-- 20 Acquired infections, diabetes, growth restriction --10 Perinatal 10 Asphyxia or hypoxia --05 Unidentified causes-- 05 Postnatal 11 Unknown 06 Back to top Nick Raine-Fenning Course Director Joined: 27 May 2006 Posts: 1854 Location: Nottingham Posted: Sat Sep 08, 2007 10:44 am    Post subject: Important and topical facts Asha. I chnaged the heading from "mental retardation" as you can see. I am not sure if there is any guideline to tell us exactly how to refer to such problems but "retardation" is a politically unacceptable term to many. "Learning difficulties" may underplay to true extent of some cases and that is why I added "cerebral palsy" although this refers to abnormal posture and movement and not mental capacity. Does anyone have any ideas or a better way for us to describe such issues / problems? It would be good to get this sorted before the OSCE! Back to top EMAK Century Club Joined: 26 Nov 2006 Posts: 572 Posted: Sat Sep 08, 2007 1:33 pm    Post subject: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~` Last edited by EMAK on Mon Sep 10, 2007 1:34 pm; edited 1 time in total Back to top cpeedahsa Century Club Joined: 21 Apr 2007 Posts: 921 Posted: Sat Sep 08, 2007 8:57 pm    Post subject: Nick Raine-Fenning wrote: Important and topical facts Asha. I chnaged the heading from "mental retardation" as you can see. I am not sure if there is any guideline to tell us exactly how to refer to such problems but "retardation" is a politically unacceptable term to many. "Learning difficulties" may underplay to true extent of some cases and that is why I added "cerebral palsy" although this refers to abnormal posture and movement and not mental capacity. Yeah, looking back I do see your point about the word "retardation" being Non PC and where it comes from. However cerebral palsy -- as you rightly say; is not a component of mental retardation. Mental Retardation is term used as the umbrella label for all forms of below-average intellectual functioning as assessed by a standard IQ test.. By definition Mental retardation requires there to be 1) significant sub-average general intellectual functioning (criterion A) that is accompanied by 2)limitations in adaptive functioning in at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety (criterion B). 3)The onset must also occur before 18 years of age (criterion C). The way I see it -- any colloquial/conversational/informal term used to replace Mental retardation should be able to convey the message of Mental retardation. Back to top cpeedahsa Century Club Joined: 21 Apr 2007 Posts: 921 Posted: Sat Sep 08, 2007 8:58 pm    Post subject: Learning disabilities are problems that affect the brain's ability to receive, process, analyze, or store information. And again, it never will be able to convey the seriousness of Mental Retardation Back to top cpeedahsa Century Club Joined: 21 Apr 2007 Posts: 921 Posted: Sat Sep 08, 2007 9:01 pm    Post subject: Infact National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD) definition is as follows: Quote: "Learning disabilities is a general term that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical skills. These disorders are intrinsic to the individual, presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction, and may occur across the life span. Problems in self-regulatory behaviors, social perception, and social interaction may exist with learning disabilities but do not, by themselves, constitute a learning disability. Although learning disabilities may occur concomitantly with other disabilities (e.g., sensory impairment, mental retardation, serious emotional disturbance), or with extrinsic influences (such as cultural differences, insufficient or inappropriate instruction), they are not the result of those conditions or influences (NJCLD, Learning Disabilities: Issues on Definition, January, 1990). Back to top cpeedahsa Century Club Joined: 21 Apr 2007 Posts: 921 Posted: Sat Sep 08, 2007 9:04 pm    Post subject: Mental retardation (also called mental handicap) UK Mental Health Act (1983 defines mental impairment and severe mental impairment) is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills ("milestones") during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult. One common criterion for diagnosis of mental retardation is a tested intelligence quotient (IQ) below 70. Last edited by cpeedahsa on Mon Sep 10, 2007 11:59 am; edited 1 time in total Back to top cpeedahsa Century Club Joined: 21 Apr 2007 Posts: 921 Posted: Sat Sep 08, 2007 9:06 pm    Post subject: Nick Raine-Fenning wrote: Important and topical facts Asha. Does anyone have any ideas or a better way for us to describe such issues / problems? It would be good to get this sorted before the OSCE! Mental Impairment or maybe a suitable term to describe Mental Retardation. mental handicap may also serve the purpose --but taht again maybe considered non-PC by some. Back to top Nick Raine-Fenning Course Director Joined: 27 May 2006 Posts: 1854 Location: Nottingham Posted: Mon Sep 10, 2007 8:39 am    Post subject: cpeedahsa wrote: Mental Impairment or maybe a suitable term to describe Mental Retardation. mental handicap may also serve the purpose --but that again maybe considered non-PC by some. Great work - you have really clarfiied the issue Asha. I like / prefer the term severe mental impairment - it seems to capture the key points and is least likely to offend someone. What do you think? Back to top cpeedahsa Century Club Joined: 21 Apr 2007 Posts: 921 Posted: Mon Sep 10, 2007 11:58 am    Post subject: I like the term Mental Impairment Back to top Nick Raine-Fenning Course Director Joined: 27 May 2006 Posts: 1854 Location: Nottingham Posted: Tue Sep 11, 2007 10:03 am    Post subject: I think we agree then - "mental impairment" it is! 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